Saturday, 18 November 2017

Creation, enable, disable & removal of Swap partition



1. system current swap details. 
-----------------------------------


[root@rhel6 ~]# swapon -s
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition       4194296 0       -1
[root@rhel6 ~]# free -g
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:             1          0          1          0          0          0
-/+ buffers/cache:          0          1
Swap:            3          0          3


2. Creating swap partition
-----------------------------

[root@rhel6 ~]# fdisk -cu /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa9373e40.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.4 GB, 16444260352 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1999 cylinders, total 32117696 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa9373e40

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (2048-32117695, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-32117695, default 32117695): +4096M

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.4 GB, 16444260352 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1999 cylinders, total 32117696 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa9373e40

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     8390655     4194304   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 1 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.4 GB, 16444260352 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1999 cylinders, total 32117696 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa9373e40

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     8390655     4194304   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.


3. Asking Kernel to re-read fs on /dev/sdb disk to identify created partition. 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@rhel6 ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1

Note:- you can ignore error partition was identified. 

4. making the created partition as swap
---------------------------------------------

[root@rhel6 ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb1
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4194300 KiB
no label, UUID=a42349d1-abcc-48b0-a331-52320829779c


5. enabiling  the /dev/sdb1 partition as swap.
-------------------------------------------

[root@rhel6 ~]# swapon /dev/sdb1
[root@rhel6 ~]# echo $?
0

Note:- Return 0 means previous command executed successfully. 

6. Checking that new swap partition status. 
---------------------------------------------

[root@rhel6 ~]# swapon -s
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition       4194296 0       -1
/dev/sdb1                               partition       4194296 0       -2


Note:- In Above 2 partitions /dev/sdb1 is the new one which we added


7. Now add an entry in /etc/fstab to make /dev/sdb1 swap partition permanent 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@rhel6 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@rhel6 ~]# grep /dev/sdb1 /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 swap swap defaults 0 0





    =========================================================

Removing added /dev/sdb1 swap partition
    =========================================================


1. Checking Active swap partitions
-----------------------------------------

[root@rhel6 ~]# swapon -s
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition       4194296 0       -1
/dev/sdb1                               partition       4194296 0       -2
[root@rhel6 ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          2006        490       1515          0         43        219
-/+ buffers/cache:        227       1779
Swap:         8191          0       8191


2. As we are willing to remove /dev/sdb1 swap. first make it offline. 
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@rhel6 ~]# swapoff /dev/sdb1
[root@rhel6 ~]# swapon -s
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition       4194296 0       -1



3. uncomment or remove /etc/fstab entry for /dev/sdb1
------------------------------------------------------

[root@rhel6 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@rhel6 ~]# grep /dev/sdb1 /etc/fstab
#/dev/sdb1 swap swap defaults 0 0


4. permanently remove the partition using fdisk utility.
-------------------------------------------------------------

[root@rhel6 ~]# fdisk -cu /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.4 GB, 16444260352 bytes
76 heads, 1 sectors/track, 422601 cylinders, total 32117696 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa9373e40

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     8390655     4194304   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 16.4 GB, 16444260352 bytes
76 heads, 1 sectors/track, 422601 cylinders, total 32117696 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa9373e40

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.


5. Ask kernel to re-read /dev/sdb hard disk.
----------------------------------------------------

[root@rhel6 ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb
[root@rhel6 ~]# echo $?
0


6. Check the swap details. 
------------------------------
[root@rhel6 ~]# swapon -s
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition       4194296 0       -1

[root@rhel6 ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          2006        488       1518          0         43        219
-/+ buffers/cache:        224       1782
Swap:         4095          0       4095




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